Franz Schubert: «Du bist die Ruh» D 776 (1823)

Franz Schubert
born January 31, 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, now Vienna (9th district)
died November 19, 1828 in Wieden, Vienna (4th district)

Origin:
Text by Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866)
1822: Poem published in: Friedrich Rückert: Eastern Roses, Leipzig 1823
Setting to music by Franz Schubert
First publication 1826 - Vienna: Sauer & Leidesdorf, Plate 932

Recordings
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The young Schubert achieved his first mastery with the setting of songs to music. Songs would accompany him throughout his short life as a composer, as they could be performed in even the smallest social settings. Regarding Franz Schubert's lyrical talent, the musicologist Hans-Joachim Hinrichsen writes: "Almost everything Schubert encountered in poetic form was transformed into music for him, quite independently of what literary critics generally consider to be the poetic quality of lyric poetry" (p. 33). Between 1822 and 1823, Schubert discovered poems by Friedrich Rückert. It was likely Schubert's friend Franz von Schober who lent Schubert Rückert the newly published collection of poems, "Eastern Roses."

The poem "You Are Repose" by Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866) was initially published untitled in 1822.
As an Orientalist and poet, Rückert wanted to introduce his readers to the mysticism of Oriental poetry, much like Goethe, with his West-Eastern Divan, had drawn attention to poets like Hafiz a few years earlier: "Orient and Occident / Are no longer separable."

That Rückert's poem can be understood as both a love poem and a religious prayer is, as in Persian Sufi mysticism, inseparable.
It is about love as the driving force of the universe. It is love that animates the entire universe.

With his musical setting of this poem, Schubert captures both dimensions of longing and love, which makes interpreting this song challenging.



Listen here!
(approx. 5 ½ min.)


Listening companion:

The song begins with lively sixteenth notes in triple meter. The piano introduction revolves around the key of E-flat major. The very first verse addresses the object of longing, "you," and connects it with tranquility, peace, and the stilling of longing. A simple melody, played pianissimo and marked larghetto (quite slow), gradually ascends and is repeated after the first four bars. The piano, with its consistently low C, contributes to the overall mood of tranquility.

With the religious phrase "I consecrate," the harmony shifts, expressing pain and tension through secondary dominant and leading-tone chords.
On "My eye and heart," the voice becomes more agitated, repeating the text and concluding with an inviting phrase that lingers in the ear. Throughout the song, Schubert places words like "joy" on the tonic and words like "pain" on the dominant chords.

After a quiet, yet harmonically meandering piano introduction over a low E-flat, the melody is almost exactly repeated in the next two verses. 
Textually, Rückert focuses on the central theme: the act of love, the arrival of love in the lover's heart. 
Rückert also titled a later edition of the poem "Return to Me."

Here, too, the final words are repeated at the end, effectively prolonging the harmonic resolution with the same striking melodic turn.

In Schubert's version, the main message of the song now follows in the third and final section: The eye is filled with the light radiating from love. After the transition, the last verse begins, as before, on E-flat. After two bars, where C minor had previously followed, Schubert now modulates to C-flat major, a key far removed from the E-flat major scale, creating a dazzling effect. The voice becomes emphatic. Moreover, the melody ascends radiantly, step by step, over unfamiliar chords and parallel fifths up to the seventh, and, after daring harmonic progressions and tension, ends once more, "illuminated," in A-flat major. Only in a long, sustained silence does it come to rest, exhausted.

The plea at the end of this love prayer adopts the previous musical turns.
However, the voice does not end on E-flat, but on the fifth B-flat and the open dominant seventh chord, expectant and upward-reaching. Only the piano then brings the concluding E-flat lower.

Du bist die Ruh,
Der Friede mild,
Die Sehnsucht du
Und was sie stillt.






Ich weihe dir
Voll Lust und Schmerz
Zur Wohnung hier
Mein Aug und Herz.




Kehr ein bei mir,
Und schliesse du
Still hinter dir
Die Pforten zu.

Treib andern Schmerz
Aus dieser Brust!
Voll sei dies Herz
Von deiner Lust.


Dies Augenzelt
Von deinem Glanz
Allein erhellt,
O füll es ganz!

You are the calm,
the mild peace,
you my longing
and what stills it.






I consecrate to you
full of joy and grief
to dwell here
my eye and heart.




Come in to me,
and softly close
the gates
behind you.

Drive other pain
from this breast.
Full be my heart
of your joy.


The canopy of my eyes
by your splendour
alone is lit,
O, fill it completely!

 

Note for music lovers:

Website: Unknown Violin Concertos

 

 

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