Alonso Lobo: Motet ‘Versa est in luctum’ (1598)

Alonso Lobo
baptised 25 February 1555 in Osuna, Spain
died 5 April 1617 in Seville, Spain

World premiere:
At the funeral services for Philip II, the Catholic King of Spain, in Madrid or Toledo

Recordings:
1985 Westminster Cathedral Choir, conducted by David Hill (CD)
2015 The Sixteen, conducted by Harry Christophers (CD)
2019 Tenebrae, conducted by Nigel Short (YouTube)
2024 Ensemble La Sportelle, conducted by Alix Dumon-Debaecker (YouTube)




Nothing links the ages so strongly as the death of fellow human beings and the grief over the void left behind. In the motet ‘Versa est in luctum’ by the Spanish Renaissance composer Alonso Lobo, those in mourning come together: There is the existential loneliness, lament and grief of the sage-poet of the Book of Job, from which the text of this motet is taken (the Hebrew text dates from around the 4th century BC). But there is also the national mourning for King Philip II of Spain, whose war policy had failed, for whom Lobo composed this motet in Toledo. But there are also all those who have passed away, for whose requiem Mass the Gregorian antiphon based on the same text was sung. At the end of the 16th century, Alonso Lobo set the same text to music for six voices – Cantus I+II, Altus, Tenor I+II and Bassus – so that his composition might fill the acoustic space of a great cathedral and thus musically reach out to those in mourning.

Beyond these various contexts, when listened to attentively, this motet evokes timeless, fresh emotions that can open us up to grief and consolation. In light of the transience of our existence (‘My days are nothing’), the motet transitions into a prayer in its second part. At the same time, this magnificent vocal music by Alonso Lobo fills grief and any potential existential void with the moving sounds of polyphony.

Listen here (approx. 5 mins)!

Listening companion:

The upper voice of Cantus I begins to sing alone. In a poignant, slow downward movement, it fills the space; the grief draws us down, as it were.
But almost simultaneously, Tenor I responds with a counter-movement of the same melody, moving upwards. Gradually entering in canon, Cantus II and Tenor II repeat this antagonism. A mood of mourning emerges from the interplay of these four counter-movements. The ‘cithara’ mentioned in the text becomes, in song, an instrument of lament. The ‘mea’ is sung out painfully and broadly. The voices communicate with one another through jarring dissonances. The beauty of the melodious downward movement stands out repeatedly against the harmonic reservations. The flow of sounds finally comes to a halt in a first, longer cadence, as it were, to catch one’s breath.

The Tenor II then introduces a second musical section. With its newly introduced melodic line ‘et organum meum’, the organum, too, begins to lament and mourn. The polyphony becomes denser; one can clearly hear the weeping of many individual voices (at ‘vocem flentium’), the order is disrupted by the voices crossing over one another, and the music becomes more dramatic…

… and from the midst of all this polyphonic spatial music, the ‘Parce’ (Spare me!) emerges from the individual voices. The lament becomes a prayer: ‘Parce mihi Domine’. The ‘Domine’ is harmonised in a new, hopeful way. What remains is empty trust: ‘Nihil enim sunt dies mei’. Even the music now becomes more subdued, more humble. The notes end in a final cadence, looking upwards with trust and offering comfort.

Versa est in luctum 
cithara mea



















et organum meum in vocem flentium.








Parce mihi, Domine,
nihil enim sunt dies mei.

My harp
has turned to mourning,



















and my organ to the voice of those who weep.








Spare me, O Lord,
for my days are but nothing.